Old Map of Ontario and Part of New York, 1870: Toronto, Detroit, Lake Ontario, Railways, Niagara Falls

Crafted in 1870 by the esteemed mapmaker Letts, "North America Sheet III: The Dominion of Canada. Ontario with Parts of New-York, Pennsylvania, and Michigan" is a captivating glimpse into a transformative era. This map captures the nascent years of the Canadian Confederation, a period marked by the establishment of the Dominion of Canada in 1867. Letts, renowned for his meticulous cartographic work, presents a detailed political landscape that highlights the intricate interactions across the Canada-US border. The map's design, with its clear demarcation of territorial divisions, reflects the burgeoning importance of infrastructure and urban development during this time.

The map's focus on Ontario, the most populous Canadian province, alongside parts of New-York, Pennsylvania, and Michigan, underscores the interconnectedness of these regions. The detailed depiction of key cities and transportation networks speaks to the era's rapid growth and expansion. Railways, a symbol of progress and economic prosperity, weave through the map, linking distant parts of the continent and facilitating trade and settlement. This intricate network not only highlights the technological advancements of the time but also the strategic importance of these routes in shaping the future of North America.

Natural features are prominently displayed, with the majestic Great Lakes—Ontario, Erie, and Huron—forming a vital part of the map's narrative. These waterways were crucial for trade and transportation, serving as gateways to the interior of the continent. The inclusion of the Niagara River and the iconic Niagara Falls adds a touch of natural grandeur, emphasizing the region's diverse and awe-inspiring landscapes. Such features would have been both a practical consideration for travelers and a point of pride for residents of the time.

Letts' map also captures the historical significance of the regions it portrays. Cities like Toronto, Ottawa, and Detroit are marked as burgeoning urban centers, poised for growth and development. The map's depiction of these cities, alongside smaller towns and settlements, provides a snapshot of a dynamic and evolving landscape. The political boundaries, carefully drawn, reflect the shifting allegiances and burgeoning national identities that characterized this period in North American history.

In essence, this map is more than just a geographical representation; it is a historical document that encapsulates a pivotal moment in time. The artistry and precision of Letts' work offer a window into the past, inviting viewers to explore the complex tapestry of relationships, both human and natural, that defined this era. Whether for historical study or aesthetic appreciation, this map stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of cartographic excellence.

Cities and towns on this map

• Ontario
• Toronto
• Ottawa
• Hamilton
• Kingston
• London

• Windsor

• New York

• Rochester
• Buffalo

• Syracuse

• Pennsylvania

• Erie

• Michigan

• Detroit

Notable Features & Landmarks

• Lakes and Waterways:
• Lake Ontario
• Lake Erie
• Lake Huron
• St. Lawrence River

• Niagara River

• Railways:

• Extensive railway networks connecting major regions.

• Natural Features:

• Niagara Falls
• Georgian Bay

Historical and design context

• Mapmaker/Publisher: Letts, published in London.
• Date of creation: 1870.
• Historical context: Created shortly after the Canadian Confederation in 1867, reflecting the new federal entity of the Dominion of Canada.
• Themes: Political boundaries, infrastructure development, urban centers, and transportation networks.
• Design/Style: Detailed political map with emphasis on counties and transportation.
• Significance: Highlights the close ties and interactions across the Canada-US border during a period of significant development and expansion.

Please double check the images to make sure that a specific town or place is shown on this map. You can also get in touch and ask us to check the map for you.

This map looks great at every size, but I always recommend going for a larger size if you have space. That way you can easily make out all of the details.

This map looks amazing at sizes all the way up to 70in (180cm). If you are looking for a larger map, please get in touch.

The model in the listing images is holding the 16x20in (40x50cm) version of this map.

The fifth listing image shows an example of my map personalisation service.

If you’re looking for something slightly different, check out my collection of the best old maps to see if something else catches your eye.

Please contact me to check if a certain location, landmark or feature is shown on this map.

This would make a wonderful birthday, Christmas, Father's Day, work leaving, anniversary or housewarming gift for someone from the areas covered by this map.

This map is available as a giclée print on acid free archival matte paper, or you can buy it framed. The frame is a nice, simple black frame that suits most aesthetics. Please get in touch if you'd like a different frame colour or material. My frames are glazed with super-clear museum-grade acrylic (perspex/acrylite), which is significantly less reflective than glass, safer, and will always arrive in perfect condition.